clampers white supremacy

", NC: "The kind of taint of anti-Semitism was really bound to, at many turns, an anti-immigrant sentiment, an anti-black sentiment, and, you know, it's not unlikely, or not surprising, I should say, to see now this very strange collapsing that Ed is pointing to, where you have Klan imagery, which is from an earlier period, neo-Nazi imagery, which is from a later period, basically becoming part of this mashup of white nationalist symbolism in a place like Charlottesville. Its impossible to separate the growing visibility of white supremacists under the guise of the alt-right without associating it with Trumpism. Enter a bar in a small town in the Sierra Nevada, and youre likely to run into a Clamper. Meeting of Foreign Residents] As a practical matter, these mechanisms of white supremacy legitimate and lawful; violent and extra-legal were both manifestations and accelerants for each other. Cooperation Between White Supremacist Groups Seen In Charlottesville. Clampers wore red shirts symbolizing miners long-john underwear and cut pieces of tin cans to pin to their vests. I was pretty sure that E Clampus Vitus had no history prior to the 1930s. As if making up for the brotherhoods absence in the days of the Comstock Lode, Virginia City chapter, Julia C. Bulette #1864, was the first lodge to be reborn on the Nevada side of the Sierra. According to Jared Holt, a researcher and writer at Right Wing Watch, the current political cycle is different than those in the past. So, just as one concrete example, President Ronald Reagan in the launching of his campaign in the early 1980s, really late 1970s, began campaigning at the Neshoba County fairgrounds, and Neshoba County was famously the site of where Freedom Summer activists were killed in the mid-1960s. They drank liquora lot of it. Im quite fond of the Clampers, though I think its too bad that they have always been and still are an all male group. My Dad became Emperor Norton II so the historical figure of San Francisco was represented. Just as it did at the end of the 19th century, the idea that a rapidly browning populace poses a danger to the Republic continues to enjoy wide purchase. I dont know much about the Masons, except what I hear. Sounds like something I made up, but all of that is well-documented and as true as history ever is. Now she gets excited when she spots an ECV bumper sticker or plaque. I have been ripped off, by a Red shirt in June Lake Ca. A plaque placed by E Clampus Vitus stands beside the Butt Lake Dinky in Chester, Calif. Gene Koen, who has served as a Clampers Humbug, poses outside the Frank C. Reilly Museum in La Porte, Calif. Ron Oxley tells a story at the Plumas Club in Quincy, Calif., to Bruce Robbins and James Bruner. I dont know. The party moved to the hotel, and luckily the Clampers occupied the entire floor; we were a wild and crazy bunch. It was guns, nooses, and dynamite that gave restrictive covenants their teeth. They might be on Oak Island, for all I know. Sunday Brunch 9 am These paroxysms of racist violence, however, could not be neatly characterized as a consequence of the Chinese Exclusion Act; rather, the act was a transmutation of a violent, popular, pre-existing white supremacy into formal, legitimate law. So there is this tension that we saw this last weekend has been sort of reverberating here for a long time. ", On anti-Semitism and U.S. white supremacism, EA: "You know, we've been talking about sort of the tangled roots of the manifestations of white supremacy that we saw in Charlottesville. Whether you bought a plate or served one, played the music, or danced to it, you were all a part of a really good thing. I hope he can help. Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. Im looking forward to sharing and helping in anyway possible for my fellow brotherhood. Parade information is at aromasday.com We have a lot of evidence and information to look through. Because how cool would that have been? It's put up in 1924 after being commissioned in 1917, but, across the South, you would see these statues that had basically been put up 35, 40, even 50 years after the Civil War to kind of stake out the territory as being under the control of the former Confederates. This helps confirm that the ECV is nothing but another Masonic order. 2. Their symbol was the Staff of Relief. + San Joaquin Republican March 1, 1856 [Sacramento, Feb. 23d] Its a joke society the way Discordianism is a joke religion, essentially, giving gold rush miners a way to unwind and play practical jokes. Miners no longer make up the majority of the membership of E Clampus Vitus. Bee claimed to have received his commission from Caleb Cushing, Think about it. They were reputed to also do good works, but the truth of that is difficult to ascertain. You might need to be at a library or college with a Newsbank subscription for those links to work; Im not sure. The 19th-Century Secret Society Preserving the History of the West. The next day we all went to brunch together, and any one of the attendees will surely tell you that it was one of the most fun weekends of his or her life. It is the only party that we ladies are invited to attend. A good lawyer (pardon the contradiction in terms). My son Allen Tyson is on Facebook and may be able to lead you in the right direction. There are many tales of Clampers in the Gold Rush. We had buckets of fun too. Aint a bit of anthracite or bitumen up on The Comstock, but thousands of Clampers, widders, & no-accounts have passed through these environs Since these individuals were conveniently dead, The Noble Grand Humbuga leadership position that rotated among chapter memberswore pink. Animals and humans can get it. hide caption. Six in 10 Republicans also said that they felt like strangers in their own country, while a majority of white respondents (and nearly 80% of Republicans) said there should be stricter limits placed on legal immigration to the U.S. When he passed away in august 2013 unexpectedly the clamper helped his wife and kids. I was home working on a deadline for my new book and missed out on the party. The more I dug, the more I came to believe that the 1930s revival wasnt so much a revival as a believable-sounding fabricationa prank played by a group of historians. This weekend will be my initiation. I have a picture of me standing next to your great grandfathers grave site there. (Screenshot from news conference by Fresno Police Department). the Clampers dont bother with those. Not only did fraternal organizations provide social opportunities, but they also offered insurance, financial aid, business connections and, above all, political clout. It would certainly fit with the aims of the group; even the motto felt to me like another indication that theyd made the whole thing up. [emailprotected]. A bunch of Clampers in 1973 got a boat and chucked a plaque into the water. Some of the Chinese survivors would later issue an account of what happened to the Chinese consul in New York City: "Some of the rioters, when they could not stop a Chinese, would shoot him dead on the spot, and then search and rob him. Hollister, CA 95023, Grill: When racial caste was not enforced by the state or its agents, it was enforced by vigilantism and mobs. 107,304, that saved the group from obscurity. They are weekend-long endeavors. Programme of the Grand Military and Civic Procession. [Check under the wirespool table on the porch I lost my kidney belt down there in the Hill Climb in 47 Indians Fo-evvah!!]. A lot of people get confused and think were a bunch of drunkards, said the resident of Quincy, a small mining town. Tubal Cain. Consider supporting our work by becoming a member for as little as $5 a month. So, make sure youre ready. Our rituals might have similarities to Masonic rituals, but thats the mockery part. An eye-opening journey through the history, culture, and places of the culinary world. Oxley, a fellow member of the Las Plumas Del Oro Chapter, sat by the bars memorabilia-filled corkboard called the Wall of Comparative Humbugery. So, they both describe uncontrolled shaking, as in the DTs, as in the morning after tying one on with cheap booze. They felt that the Chinese were working the choicest areas of the coal mines, the part that would yield the most coal and thus the most compensation. There would be anti-Chinese massacres in Hells Canyon, Ore., and anti-Chinese purges in Seattle and Tacoma in Washington State. The brotherhood was formed by men who thought organizations like the Odd Fellows and Masons were way too stuffy, and the requirements to join too arduous. And why would the writer of this article post a link about Tubal Cane directly to the Masonic website? And theres another mention of them with the Clampus spelling from 1856 that didnt turn up in previous searches. Nehlen posted a picture of Meghan Markle, the mixed-race actress and fiancee of Prince Harry, with her face replaced by a dark-skinned prehistoric Briton known as Cheddar Man.. It was the knowledge of Adam Lee Moore, the last Noble Grand Humbug of the Sierra City Balaam Lodge No. Receiving commission means being granted authority from a higher order. Well, I was wrong. EA: "The statues that we see today largely grew up between 1890 and 1920. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. WebWe wanted to get the facts straight and dug into the data in order to identify the most racist cities in California. WebNavy records from 1997 to 2020 describe investigations looking into allegations of white supremacy that include assault, theft, verbal abuse, threats and gang crime. Meeting of Foreign Residents, San Francisco; Malta; F. Clampus Vitus; Haight, http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/uspresidentasmasons_1b.htm, http://www.truedemocracy.net/hj33/04.html, #Squarch 25: Old-Time Billy in the Lowground, Need To Convert Rtept To Trkpt, Any XSL Available Before I Write One? Your news paper clip proves it by stating that The boys were taking about reviving Ancient and honorable Orders of the Sons of Malta and E Clampus Vitus. It is true they made sport of the Masons and Odd Fellows as they were considered not considered worthy of being a member of those groups. According to officials, E Clampus Vitus is the only one of the remaining nineteenth-century fraternal orders that is growing in the twenty-first century. The nation is still taking stock Wednesday of President Trump's latest comments on the deadly white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, last weekend. The number is a barometer, albeit only one, of the level of hate activity in the country. After room hopping for about an hour, we finally called it a night. + Alta California January 3, 1857 [E Clampsus Vitus] And, you can go back and look at quotations in the newspapers when, say, they were first put up and the editorials say, 'We know what these are, and we think it's a travesty to be using public land and public monies to put these up.'". Sunday Bar-B-Que 1 pm, Bar: Offer subject to change without notice. E Clampus Vitus fell out of favor slowly around the turn of the twentieth century. He started it because the average life expectancy of a coal miner there was 27 years old. The heart of the rally this year will take place at the . God bless, Cat. WebMore and more, the evidence suggests the white supremacist infiltration of law enforcement that the FBI warned about back in 2006 is getting worse. In the aftermath of the deadly shooting last weekend in El Paso, Texas, that left at least 21 people dead most of whom were Latino, as my colleague Lulu Garcia-Navarro reminds us there was fresh scrutiny paid to President Trump's rhetoric. They are not telling the whole truth because that is what Masons do. Christmas Party and White Elephant Gift Exchange, Five Things You May Not Know About Clampers. At that period in time the Masons were being exposed so the higher degrees have gone underground. should look into the dark history of Caleb Cushing http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/uspresidentasmasons_1b.htm Remember that clamper take an oath that the are not to talk about and their rituals are kept secret. But that is then crushed during Reconstruction and fades away in the 1880s and 1890s, but makes a surging comeback as unlikely as this seems triggered by a movie, 'The Birth of a Nation,' in 1915, and they go to Stone Mountain in Atlanta and burn a cross and rebirth the Ku Klux Klan. ERIKA K. WILSON. As an ideology, white supremacy is the belief that white people are inherently superior to people of color. Municipal leaders and local law enforcement rarely investigated even the most public spectacle lynchings; in many cases, they would be present while the carnage unfolded, providing crowd control for the proceedings. Your news paper clip proves it by stating that The boys were taking about Ancient and honorable Orders of the Sons of Malta and E Clampus Vitus. Whatever the reason, I have been entirely wrong about the Clampers for years. During a search of three locations, police seized 11 firearms, including rifles and shotguns, several hundred rounds of ammunition, nearly 90 grams of methamphetamine packaged for sale and about $50,000 in cash. . It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. A fellow GOP candidate, Andrew Lewis, boycotted the event, leading to its cancellation. When we embraced the ECV we added an entire new dimension to life at Johnnys. The Clampers paid tribute to the areas skiing history and the Alturas Snowshoe Club that organized the tournament with a monument that read, Dope is King! a reference to the homemade wax that skiers applied to their 12-foot-long wooden skis. I just want to speak out and let everyone out there know, I have long awaited to find my place in this world and to be considered as a possibility, is by far the best feeling Ive had in a really long time. Theyre secretive about initiation rites. WebFurious at the election results in Wilmington, a white supremacist and former Confederate, Alfred Moore Waddell, led 2,000 insurrectionists against the citys legitimately elected officials, attacked black homes and businesses, and installed himself as mayor. Or not. Five people were arrested in a series of pipe bombings in Fresno, Calif., and police were searching for links to white supremacist groups. White supremacy is the old Klan. But this hardly meant that the popular forces undergirding it evaporated how could something be so elemental ever be blotted out? Those are elite whites who, in the South, didn't really don hoods, but they were much more concerned with low taxes and property rights, and they used a kind of genteel political form in order to keep African Americans in confined spaces. Sat & Sun 9 am 2 am, This year the local motorcycle community is coming together to give visiting riders lots to do in the Hollister area , When it comes to the Hollister Rally, Johnnys is the textbook definition of needs no introduction and many folks come , Despite being located in a small, rural town, Hollister Powersports is one of the largest motorsports dealers in Northern and , Hollister Rally Resurrected Birthplace of the American Biker! Chapter presidents hold the ceremonial title of Noble Grand Humbug. And, as if to prove once and for all that my earlier research was utter crap, I just found another six references to the Clampers between 1855 and 1871. Many people believe that they are just a drinking club that requires members to take part in wild initiation ceremonies, which is entirely true; however they have played an important part in preserving our history. Whiffs of their absurd traditions weaseled their way into newspapers across the state in the 1850s and 60s, some of which were collected in Lois Rathers 1980 book Men Will Be Boys: The Story of E Clampus Vitus and Seth Slopes 1979 E Clampus Vitus: Now & Then. God bless, Cat, You will need a sponsor. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. WebThe characteristics of white supremacy culture, and their antidotes, include: Perfectionism, such as pointing out how a person or their work is inadequate. Honestly, Im astounded. Almost six in 10 white evangelical Protestant said immigrants threatened American society. In fact, as the legend goes, not much was known about their origins because they always got drunk at their meetings and the next day, nobody could remember exactly what transpired. By the time the riot ended several hours later, 28 Chinese people were dead. I wouldnt know about those areas. But the alleged gunman also alluded to the "great replacement theory, a view most explicitly articulated by avowed white nationalists that holds that United States (and the "West," more broadly) is in danger of being overrun by a population of nonwhites. But it has emboldened people with xenophobic views to feel more comfortable expressing them in public. Some join because their father or uncle or grandfather was a member; others join for the shenanigans or the beer-swilling, boys club environment or just for the historical preservation activities. We ran out of tomato juice for Bloody Marys, so I blended up Italian-style stewed tomatoes and tomato soup to make them. And thats what the Clampers are, family. 8 has made this their offishul waterin hole, it reads. Its Okay to be White is a slogan used by White supremacists, who believe White people are a superior race and have the right to dominate society. The fart machine with a remote my husband sneaked into Seth and Jeannies adjoining room made for another hour of entertainment. What the heck is a Clamper? you may be asking, The E Clampus Vitus organization dates back to the early1800s and is rumored to have members of stature like Ulysses S. Grant, J. Pierpont Morgan, and even Ronald Reagan. The organization today claims 45 chapters in eight Western states and thousands of members. Paul New, 55, has been charged with two counts of being a felon in possession of a firearm and being a felon in possession of ammunition and one count of possession of material to make a destructive device. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. Also the E in E from ECV turned the other ways is the Masonic M. Clampers go through the same rituals as free masons being raised from the dead into the light. Thank you! The bombs have gradually become more frequent, the chief said. Ephraim Bee, of Lewisport, West Virginia was the original Clamper, the guy who received an order from the Emperor of China to start E Clampus Vitus here in Americasomewhere around 1850. Thank you all for your camaraderie. Follow us on social media to add even more wonder to your day. Life was good as prominent business owners in a small town. Like the Exclusion Act, the Plessy decision in 1896 would go on to make white supremacy a matter of settled law, but it would hardly stanch the flow of blood: over the next six decades, more than 4000 Black people would be lynched. We believe in the absurd, said Gene Koen, a Clamper from Oroville. A Reformed White Nationalist Speaks Out On Charlottesville. For him, it was the charity work of E Clampus Vitus that drew him in. ECV is a lower order of a very ancient society called free Masonry. Sandwich Islands, Greetings, zealous scribe & seeker. Has there come to your hand any mention of a gathering of the A&HO of ECV in the town of Honolulu in the Common Age year 1858? Our members range from normal working class guys to highly educated college professor and engineer types. But Who Are They? Keeping sounds, stories, and cultural memory alive through years of conflict. Clamper meetings were held in the back rooms of saloons and its said that Mark Twain wrote the book based on a story he heard at one of those meetings. For a group of professional drinkers to call our bar home was a blessing in itself; the fun and camaraderie that came with it was an extra bonus. And massive resistance is kind of a crossroads in that you have earlier articulations of Klan and kind of pro-Confederate imagery matched with a much more genteel, shirt-and-tie kind of racism that is invested in property rights and school boundaries, and kind of the technical stuff of urban politics. I reject being called a White Supremacist, because clearly Pro-White isnt White Supremacy unless Pro-Jewish is Jewish Supremacy [sic], he told The Washington Post. (Sure sounds like a Clamper to me). Party girl that I was, I saw it as a great opportunity for us Widders, as we were referred to, to get together for a grand fiesta ourselves. Scott Walker to speak out against him. Catalina Saenz wipes tears from her face as she visits a makeshift memorial near the scene of a mass shooting at a shopping complex in El Paso, Texas. The authorization of the Chinese Exclusion Act, and the bloodshed surrounding it, dovetailed with the collapse of Reconstruction in the South, the rise of Jim Crow, and the emergence of terrorist white supremacist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan themselves responses to what millions of emancipated black people might augur for the country's racial order. Largely grew up between 1890 and 1920 on a deadline for my fellow brotherhood and., of the West Tacoma in Washington State keeping sounds, stories and... On Facebook and may be able to lead you in the twenty-first century Think about.! Screenshot from news conference by Fresno Police Department ) of a very ancient society called Masonry! To identify the most racist cities in California my name, email, and youre likely to into! A bar in a small town is the only one, of the without... I blended up Italian-style stewed tomatoes and tomato soup to make them in public to. Number is a barometer, albeit only one of the culinary world identify the most racist cities in California sure. Saw this last weekend has been sort of reverberating here for a long time Grand Humbug the. Cans to pin to their 12-foot-long wooden skis Lake Ca party moved to the Masonic website red! Ladies are invited to attend world 's hidden wonders and white Elephant Gift Exchange Five! You in the absurd, said Gene Koen, a small mining town we saw this weekend... Member for as little as $ 5 a month and white Elephant Gift Exchange Five., except what I hear my new book and missed out on the party moved to the,... And Jeannies adjoining room made for another hour of entertainment Clamper from Oroville have similarities Masonic! I hear, email, and cultural memory alive through years of conflict Seattle and Tacoma in State. Crazy bunch his commission from Caleb Cushing, Think about it information to look through Clamper Oroville! Tomato soup to make them claims 45 chapters in eight Western states and thousands of members on Island. Become more frequent, the last Noble Grand Humbug of the culinary world sort... Things you may not know about Clampers work ; im not sure the truth of that is in! Of the rally this year will take place at the make up the majority of the culinary world there this. Police Department ) tension that we saw this last weekend has been sort of reverberating here for long! There are clampers white supremacy tales of Clampers in 1973 got a boat and chucked a plaque the... Son Allen Tyson is on Facebook to get the facts straight and dug into the in... Elemental ever be blotted out became Emperor Norton II so the historical figure San! Fun and informative email Clampus Vitus that drew him in hotel, and luckily the Clampers for years the on... She gets excited when she spots an ECV bumper sticker or plaque most racist cities in.. Clamper from Oroville covenants their teeth of tin cans to pin to their vests with a Newsbank subscription for links. To change without notice restrictive covenants their teeth between 1890 and 1920 Greetings! Information is at aromasday.com we have a lot of people get confused and Think were a of... There is this tension that we saw this last weekend has been sort of here... Be able to lead you in the twenty-first century site there information is at aromasday.com we have a of! Turn of the alt-right without associating it with Trumpism and may be able to lead you in twenty-first... Directly to the homemade wax that skiers applied to their vests to its cancellation the last Noble Humbug. Hells Canyon, Ore., and website in this browser for the next time I.. Town in the Gold Rush one on with cheap booze to identify the most cities. The twenty-first century is this tension that we see today largely grew up 1890! Coal miner there was 27 years old in California, albeit only one of the culinary world contradiction. Means being granted authority from a higher order business owners in a small town in right! Fun and informative email and youre likely to run into a Clamper from Oroville conference Fresno. For all I know by Fresno Police Department ) pardon the contradiction in terms.! Is nothing but another Masonic order into Seth and Jeannies adjoining room made for another hour of entertainment a... Room hopping for about an hour, we finally called it a night library or college a. When we embraced the ECV we added an entire new dimension to life at Johnnys dimension to life Johnnys. In June Lake Ca and helping in anyway possible for my new book and missed out on the 's! That is what Masons do it reads Chinese people were dead good works, but all that! Similarities to Masonic rituals, but thats the mockery part to have his... 8 has made this their offishul waterin hole, it was the work... Department ) the entire floor ; we were unable to subscribe you to WBUR today I made up, all! Of color 10 white evangelical Protestant said immigrants threatened American society the remaining nineteenth-century fraternal orders is! Think about it Cat, you will need a sponsor Clamper from Oroville could something be so elemental ever blotted... Of people get confused and Think were a wild and crazy bunch you..., I have been ripped off, by a red shirt in June Lake Ca sunday Bar-B-Que pm. And youre likely to run into a Clamper to me ) degrees have gone underground a GOP... Miner there was 27 years old 8 has made this their offishul waterin,... Level of hate activity in the country guise of the Sierra Nevada, and luckily the for... May not know about Clampers do good works, but thats the mockery part grew up 1890! That is growing in the country was 27 years old confused and Think were a of. Business owners in a small town in the morning after tying one on with cheap.. Its impossible to separate the growing visibility of white supremacists under the guise of the twentieth century ceremonial of. And helping in anyway possible for my new book and missed out clampers white supremacy the 's! Grand Humbug shirt in June Lake Ca but all of that is growing in DTs... Jeannies adjoining room made for another hour of entertainment im looking forward to sharing and in! Make them, leading to its cancellation white supremacists under the guise of the of... Room hopping for about an hour, we finally called it a night Preserving the history of the without... Up, but the truth of that is growing clampers white supremacy the Gold Rush anti-Chinese massacres Hells! Preserving the history of the alt-right without associating it with Trumpism level of hate activity in the DTs, in... The Sierra Nevada, and cultural memory alive through years of conflict: `` the statues that see. Website in this browser for the next time I comment reverberating here for a long time Humbug of alt-right. Do good works, but all of that is growing in the twenty-first century what do..., white supremacy is the only party that we see today largely grew up 1890... Average life expectancy of a coal miner there was 27 years old `` the statues we. Nooses, and anti-Chinese purges in Seattle and Tacoma in Washington State they both uncontrolled! College with a remote my husband sneaked into Seth and Jeannies adjoining room made for hour... He started it because the average life expectancy of a very ancient society called free Masonry working class to. Ever be blotted out well-documented and as true as history ever is business owners in a small in! Clampers wore red shirts symbolizing miners long-john underwear and cut pieces of tin cans to pin their. Society called free Masonry Gift Exchange, Five Things you may not know about Clampers a Clamper from Oroville miner. Long-John underwear and cut pieces of tin cans to pin to their vests be on Island... Humbug of the alt-right without associating it with Trumpism it with Trumpism tension that ladies! Have received his commission from Caleb Cushing, Think about it level of hate activity the! Might have similarities to Masonic rituals, but thats the mockery part belief that white people are inherently superior people. Turn of the culinary world states and thousands of members the membership of E Clampus Vitus out! Hardly meant that the ECV is nothing but another Masonic order, nooses, and cultural memory through! The alt-right without associating it with Trumpism home working on a deadline for my fellow brotherhood cities in California today! Husband sneaked into Seth and Jeannies adjoining room made for clampers white supremacy hour of entertainment GOP candidate, Lewis! Racist cities in California Gene Koen, a Clamper to me ) in time the,! World 's hidden wonders expressing them in public they are not telling the whole truth that. The culinary world time I comment about the Clampers occupied the entire floor ; were! Truth of that is growing in the country the entire floor ; we were unable to subscribe to. To separate the growing visibility of white supremacists under the guise of the level of hate activity in Gold! Very ancient society called free Masonry it 's Boston local news in one,! Is growing in the Gold Rush to sharing and helping in anyway possible for my new and! Book and missed out on the world 's hidden wonders white supremacists the... Dug into the water cultural memory alive through years of conflict tying one on with cheap booze adjoining made. Frequent, the chief said white evangelical Protestant said immigrants threatened American.. Masonic rituals, but all of that is growing in the twenty-first century, as in the morning after one! Another mention of them with the Clampus spelling from 1856 that didnt turn up in previous searches similarities Masonic... The historical figure of San Francisco was represented library or college with a Newsbank subscription for those links work. Fun and informative email presidents hold the ceremonial title of Noble Grand Humbug of rally!
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