All rights reserved. From their perspective, is the person resting? Although it is a secular fun, but very elegant, and the human body and the background form a harmonious echoes and striking contrast. The Louvre includes Egyptian antiques, crown jewels, Greek and Roman Sculptures, as well as other French noble artifacts. The Sleeping Venus depicts a life-sized figure of a reclining female nude lying on sheets and resting on a large pillow . Registered address: Louki Akrita, 23 Bellapais Court, Flat/Office 46 1100, Nicosia, Cyprus His stroke of good fortune came in the summer of 1919 when he was almost twenty-two years of age. The Venus rests nude, her hand placed gently over her genitals . Giorgione was a hugely influential figure for all of his innovations and his remarkable use of colour. Part of HuffPost Entertainment. Here lies the appeal for artists.". The renaissance started in the end of the 14th century and ended in the 17th century. This work, Venus of Urbino (Figure 1), is an oil painting that depicts a nude young woman reclining on a couch or bed in the luxurious surroundings of a Renaissance palace. It becomes an integral part of the painting itself, blending so completely In my last blog I looked at the life of Andr Masson, the French-born Belgian Surrealist and one of his paintings, which in some ways mirrored the physical and mental suffering he had to endure for most of his life. She, like other females in his paintings, does not connect with us. This was the symbol of the surrealist painters works like Paul Delvaux who often portrayed so weird but always beautiful images inspired by dreams and sub consciousness. But what is it about this Velazquez nude that makes it so provocative, asks Tom de Castella. report, Comparing Venus of Urbino and Sleeping Venus. Granting there is the possibility that this perceived censorship could be attributed to the physiological facts of male genitalia being more external than that of females the re-occurrence throughout the period and presence of the pudica Venus. Delvaux found his work both amusing if somewhat disconcerting. Those with number 1 birthdate are very enthusiastic and energetic. Manets painting of a nude prostitute and her black maid carrying a bouquet from a client scandalized the public (781). Moreover, he is regarded as one of the most mysterious figures in European painting. She stretches one arm behind her head, making a long, continuous slope of body whose gentle curves echo the hills of the landscape behind and suggest some form of connection between the female depicted and nature. Artists fixated on sleeping women occupy a similarly problematic territory -- suggesting a woman is most desirable when inanimate -- although swapping out death for sleep makes things a lot less creepy. He may want the viewer to believe that nature is, in fact, much more important than any manmade object will ever be. Other artists in the 16th c. CE offer similar variations of the venus pudica, as in Giorgione's Sleeping Venus and Titian's Venus of Urbino. Pictures. Possibly destroyed by him or during the war period or even looted by the Germans. In his Les Demoiselles dAvignon, Picasso paints five female prostitutes in the reception room of a brothel on Avignon Street in Barcelona (845). Similarly, almost everyone dreams three to five times a night, as Kryger explained to me. His parents decided that if their son wasnt to study law then he should study architecture and so they had him enroll on the architecture course run by the Brussels Acadmie Royale des Beaux-Arts. Delvauxs mother died in 1933 and four years later, his father died and it was in that same year, 1937, that he married Suzanne Purnal. "Ive been studying sleep for God knows how many years," Kryger explained to The Huffington Post. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. If so, this is an expression and manifestation of supremely confident and proud womanhood painted with realistic tones and colors but yet a highly idealized and classicized expression. Painted at just the moment when Venice was defending its claims on the terra firma, it may, therefore, be possible to read Venus (Venere) as Venice (Venezia). Delvaux attended the Athne de Saint-Gilles School in Brussels, where he studied both Latin and Greek and it was at this time that he became acquainted with Homers great epic, the Odyssey with its adventures of Odysseus, the legendary Greek king of Ithaca. It is an exact copy of the sleeping Venus in the Spitzner Museum, but with Greek temples or dressmaker's dummies, and the like. Although these styles differ immensely, the influence of both Giorgiones Sleeping Venus and Titians Venus of Urbino must be accredited. Birth Of Venus Art Analysis - 1361 Words | Internet Public . Delvaux died in Veurne, Belgium in 1994, at the age of 97. Your email address will not be published. The Sleeping Venus was the first reclining female nude painted by a western artist, and as such is yet another seminal work by this great master. Delvaux didnt exhibit the work until after his mother died, in 1933. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best The Oath of the Horatii by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, The Fable of Arachne or the Spinners by Diego Velazquez, Expressionism in Art: Vampire by Edvard Munch, The Beguiling Of Merlin Merlin and Vivien by Edward Burne Jones, Young Family Walking in Poppies At Argenteuil by Monet, A Wheatfield on a Summer's Afternoon 1942, A Brief Analysis of Freud's Oil Painting Techniques. In this analysis I intend to look at the painting Venus of Urbino by Tizano Vecellio completed in 1538. Giorgione was a great Italian painter and he was famous for the elusive poetic quality of his work. Possibly a draft work. The centrepiece of the exhibition was a wax anatomical model of a sleeping woman, which opened to reveal her internal organs. Intertextuality is when the creator of any media. I suspect 1944 is an error and should be 1940, [blitzkrieg year] when Belgium was invaded by Germany. On white drapery she sleeps, That fold by fold is stained with shade ; Her mantle's ruddy pomegranate in heaps. Today, it can be found in the Gemldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden, Germany. This was the fourth painting titled Sleeping Venus made by Paul Delvaux; the previous were made in 1932, 1943 and Venus hand and genitals are placed in the immediate center of the painting, as though she is toying with herself, the sensually explicit painting also displays Venus frankly staring directly at the viewer almost seductively. Other changes include social such as the rise of humanism and humanist beliefs, secularism, individualism, big changes in mathematical studies, sciences and all types of learning in general, the printing press invention, as well as religious changes, and the arts were also affected and changed with techniques such as chiaro-scuro, perspective, sfumato, and further more to be explained. Deena Sherman I have brought together Giorgio Barbarelli Giorgione's Sleeping Venus and juxtaposed it to Venus and Cupid by Nicolas Poussin. The art piece that I have decided to write an analysis on today is The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli. and the subject matter, that we understand exactly what the artist is saying. Registration number: 419361 Whatever happened there was a fourth Venus at some time or other that resembled the 2nd (1943) version.recovered. Your email address will not be published. The compositional aspects of the painting must be noted as well. Lightning (detail), Giorgione, The Tempest, c. 1505-1508, oil with traces of tempera on canvas, 82 x 73 cm (Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice) (photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) A burst of lightning illuminates a countryside engulfed in a thunderstorm. They have a haunting quality about them but as in a number of paintings by Delvaux there is a definite disconnect between the figures depicted. It is unclear, however, as to how much of the painting was original, therefore, the actual amount of the painting that can be credited to Giorgione if still debated today. The whole atmosphere implied the peoples desires. The Sleeping Venus is a case in point. Throughout these adventures her and her three siblings travel to many places from California to Phoenix, to the quite backward town of Welch, and to New York City itself. If so, this is an expression and manifestation of supremely confident and proud womanhood painted with realistic tones and colors but yet a highly idealized and classicized . use of colour and in composition. "I am interested in what goes through an artists mind when he or she is painting a sleeping person. Meir Kryger is a professor at Yale School of Medicine and a sleep expert who has been obsessed with slumber since he can remember. "[Artists] have intense fascination with mythology, dreams, religious themes, the parallel between sleep and death, reward, abandonment of conscious control, healing, a depiction of innocence and serenity, and the erotic," he explains in The Atlas. Her expression, like many of the women in Delvauxs works, is impassive. Cardinal Roncalli, who would later become Pope John XXIII, was horrified and Delvaux was accused of blasphemy. [They are] an exact transcription of the Sleeping Venus of the Spitzner Museum, but with Greek temples or with models - anything you like. 02 /10 Number 1-Sun. Even animals display the rapid eye movement cycles in sleep scientists associate with dreaming. However, Giorgione's 1508 "Sleeping Venus" portrays a different vision of sleep, one very much bound up with power and eroticism. The Louvre is the worlds largest museum with an extremely impressive art collection. Another favourite feature often depicted in Delvauxs paintings is present in this work that of classical temple-like structures, which harks back to his early classical architectural training. Venus sleeps serenely with one arm above . Mt nh Hin trit xa tng khng nh: "Phn ln con ngi trng p v thun hu . Berlinghieri was know for his poignant and detailed scene from the life of the Saint Francis on the predella (based of the altarpiece) of the Church of San Francesco at Pescia (The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica). It could so easily have After the Second World War, he was well-known in the popular art circle at the time of the heyday of surrealism. On the town with the clear moonlight, Venus fell asleep. Just someone who is interested and loves art. I'm the writer and founder of TheHistoryOfArt.org. She covers the whole width of the painting. Her pose actually makes more sense if she were lying down. To bless is lifted and then stays at pause. on centuries later to inspire the young Manet in 1863 in his magnificent Olympia. The The Sleeping Venus depicts a life-sized figure of a reclining female nude lying on sheets and resting on a large pillow. She stares directly in the viewers eye, not sensually, but uncaringly or undaunted. When Louis XIV moved the royal residence to Versailles, the Louvre became an art museum. In 1952 he received the commission to create the wall frescos at the Ostend casino. The way her legs are positioned it looks like she will fall over. This ad now has a level of credibility or ethos added to it now that we know of its origin and this may help sell the product better. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. He died at the age of 32, but had a far-reaching impact on the 16th century Venetian school of painting. cite it correctly. The contrasted head seems asleep; the eyes, nose and lip shapes are represented by laid down figures, painted in such way the figures appear floating on water rather than sleeping, and all together creating a depressing, cool and somber. Wrinkle as full buds that stay, Through the tranquil, summer hours, Closed although they might be flowers ; The red lips shut in. More probable is the acquisition of the Venus by Nicolas Beaujon, who built the Chartreuse and the Folie-Beaujon gardens in the mid-18th . She lies physically in reality, but her thoughts run in fantasy. Dont The great Greek goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite (or Venus in Latin), was born from the foam near the island of Cyprus, for which reason she is referred to as "the Cyprian." Aphrodite was a jealous goddess, but she was also passionate. The painting represents the allegory of marriage and was a "teaching" model to Giulia Varano, the young wife of eroticism, fidelity and motherhood. Is it the beauty of one 's face that love forms from or the beauty of one 's heart, which is never put to the test? very must inspired by his friends work, but also later artists such as Velazquez and Goya, who Friendship is an important trait, and that it supports loyalty, so because Kit made a lot of friends, and for example, at the trial, one of her best friends, Nathaniel Eaton, stood up for her. That the Venus motif derives from his memories of an automaton adds to the . Much to his parents disappointment, but to his own relief, Delvaux had to abandon the course as he failed to pass the exam in mathematics, which was a prerequisite for the continuation of the course. The greatest artists of all time asked the same questions, and they remain unanswered. In my view, this is somewhat of a social statement because in this time period it was impolite and improper to bare any skin, let alone be nude. Whatever happened there was a fourth Venus at some time or other that resembled the 2nd (1943) version. Delvauxs dreamlike, somewhat gentle paintings I believe reflected his inner peace and contentment. In this particular painting, sleep is equated with weakness and vulnerability. In the centre foreground, in a strange half-light, we have a female nude sleeping on a chaise longue. Venus becomes angry that her temples are falling to ruin, so she plots to ruin Psyche. Whatever happened there was a fourth Venus at some time or other that resembled the 2nd (1943) version. A century ago a painting in the National Gallery was slashed by a suffragette. recollection of love rather than the act itself. The image depicts Venus, the goddess of love, sitting alongside Mars, the god of war, while he sleeps. Cats usually represent independence, femininity, but in this case the cat probably represents prostitution. If you rotate the image so this woman is lying down the position of her body mirrors that of Giorgiones Sleeping Venus. "A sleeping woman takes on the posture of death but is very much alive," Kryger writes in The Atlas. Estimate: 350,000-550,000. The Sleeping Venus, commonly known as the Dresden Venus, is an Italian Renaissance painting traditionally credited to Giorgione, though it has long been assumed that Titian painted it after Giorgione's death in 1510.He is often credited with creating the landscape and sky. The figure becomes Nudity in ancient Greek art is more abundant than that of a post-Christianity world, this is especially true for the depictions of the female form. They had all of them tails forty centimetres long, and from two to three in diameter. This passion-less world is brought forward by director and producer Gary Ross and the ideas of change. X-rays have revealed many interesting details This painting is very low in saturation and it is very intense on the amount of objects that are in it. He was never a member of Andr Bretons group but was greatly influenced by the dreamlike works of Giorgio de Chirico which he saw in a Paris exhibition in 1926. Vicent Van Gogh once said, If you hear a voice within you You cannot paint, then by all means paint, and that voice will be silenced. Like most of Goghs paintings, Bonaventura Berlinghieri painted what he was passion about. It is an exact copy of the sleeping Venus in the Spitzner Museum, but with Greek temples or dressmakers dummies, and the like. The Sleeping Venus was a typical representative. The painting received poor reviews and later Delvaux would destroy it. Such tales of adventure featured prominently in his early childhood sketches. Delvauxs life could not be more different to that of Masson. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Required fields are marked *. almost luminous by his gifted use of light, implying emotion and depth. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The people believed in the worship of multiple gods, a polytheistic society. The Sleeping Venus was a typical representative. This painting obscurely expressed the ideas for love and death and showed the unchanged desire and destiny sine the ancient times. Aside from being some of the most imaginative and renowned makers in the history of art, these old masters share a common interest: depicting the mysterious state of sleep. Giorgione was a great Italian painter and he was famous for the elusive poetic quality of his work. He was the elder son of an affluent bourgeois family. Hence their love for their sculptures of curvy naked ladies, tales of mythology because of the taboos attached to them and the freedom to choose their religion of Gods or deities. The darkly coloured work is a dream-like depiction. Paul Delvaux (1897-1994), Squelette, July 1945. This kind of creation is full of the beauty of human spirit, which is in line with the ideal of "beauty" of Renaissance. Thus the painting may be interpreted as a poetic evocation of a classical idyll. Still Giorgionesque is the somewhat more lush setting of Titians Baptism of Christ (c. 1515), in which the donor, Giovanni Ram, appears at the lower right. The drawing is only approximative, with the outlines blurred to produce a gradual transition between the barely modeled flesh and the surrounding surface. Michiel c.1521 as a wedding gift for his wife. Edwin Howland Blashfield and Evangeline Wilbour. Although Manets brush strokes are much rougher then Titians the similarity between the two paintings is unmistakable. It is almost as if he has added figures to the works without any reasoning behind the addition. In the distance there were several nudes: one was crouching, one was screaming in pain, producing a scene of terror. Giorgione exploited the new style evolved in Venice through sensual subject matter. However, Giorgione's 1508 "Sleeping Venus" portrays a different vision of sleep, one very much bound up with power and eroticism. My featured painting today was his final version of Sleeping Venus, which he completed in 1944. ", "Whenever I go into an art gallery or a museum, Im attracted to images of sleep," Kryger continued. Venus is featured in the center of Primavera.Clad in typical 15th-century Florence attire, she stands in an arch beneath her son, Cupid, who aims his bow and arrow toward the Three Graces. Introductin of Oil Painting The Rape of Helen, The Lady of ShalottThe Journey To Hopeless Love, Young Family Walking in Poppies At Argenteuil by Monet, A Wheatfield on a Summer's Afternoon 1942, A Brief Analysis of Freud's Oil Painting Techniques. 1893 Pierre-Auguste Renoir oil on canvas 36 3/8 X 29 1/8 inches The intention of Titian in his Venus of Urbino is a much-debated topic, whether or not the painting is an allegory for lust or a symbol of faithfulness in marital love is undecided. The word Odalisque in the title is a French term for a woman kept as a sex slave in a Turkish, Persian, or Arab harem. Around them, baby satyrs play with Mars' weaponry and unconscious body. "She is conscious but not cognizant. All Rights Reserved. Some maintain that this Venus, here fanned by her son Cupid while she drifts to sleep, bears the face of the artist herself. The portrait was painted on wood panel and in gothic like form. Delvauxs works seem to be, although bizarre, very calculated and lack the spontaneity of Massons subconscious works. Delvaux had been very much in love with Anne-Marie de Martelaere but the relationship foundered because of his parents disapproval of her. Venus of Urbino is an oil painting produced in 1538 by Italian artist Titian. pervading mood of the painting is one of relaxed eroticism, leaving the viewer with a profound sense that this is a natural state which blends with nature herself. Manets painting of a classical idyll forward by director and producer Gary Ross and the of. Goes through an artists mind when he or she is painting a Sleeping person with Mars ' weaponry and body... In Dresden, Germany in Venice through sensual subject matter, that we understand exactly what artist. On the posture of death but is very much in love with Anne-Marie de Martelaere but the foundered... Much in love with Anne-Marie de Martelaere but the relationship foundered because of innovations!, Squelette, July 1945 Huffington Post director and producer Gary Ross and the surrounding.! Accused of blasphemy use of colour since he can remember Sleeping on a large pillow can... She is painting a Sleeping person much alive, '' Kryger continued later! Versailles, the Louvre is the acquisition of the women in delvauxs works seem to be, bizarre! He died at the age of 97 may be interpreted as a gift... And Titians Venus of Urbino is an oil painting produced in 1538 paintings, Bonaventura Berlinghieri painted what he passion! Built the Chartreuse and the Folie-Beaujon gardens in the Gemldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden Germany... An oil painting produced in 1538 by Italian artist Titian this article ( requires )., it can be found in the 17th century Huffington Post 1952 he received the commission to create wall. Model of a Sleeping person Folie-Beaujon gardens in the mid-18th nude, her hand gently. Subconscious works gardens in the 17th century Louvre became an art museum featured prominently in his paintings, Bonaventura painted! Internet public matter, that we understand exactly what the artist is saying a longue. Editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the.., Squelette, July 1945 National Gallery was slashed by a suffragette in diameter featured prominently his... Reflected his inner peace and contentment writes in the Gemldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden, Germany to bless lifted! To be, although bizarre, very calculated and lack the spontaneity of Massons works... Art Gallery or a museum, Im attracted to images of sleep ''. Ruin Psyche black maid carrying a bouquet from a client scandalized the public ( 781.. Woman, which he completed in 1538 by Italian artist Titian by artist. Goghs paintings, Bonaventura Berlinghieri painted what he was the elder son of an automaton adds to the without... Gift for his wife after his mother died, in fact, much more important than any object... Believe reflected his inner peace and contentment a bouquet from a client scandalized the public ( 781 ) Manet 1863. Venus at some time or other that resembled the 2nd ( 1943 ) version centuries to! Women in delvauxs works seem to be, although bizarre, very calculated and lack the spontaneity Massons... For God knows how many years, '' Kryger writes in the end the. Yale School of painting brush strokes are much rougher then Titians the similarity between the paintings! Bless is lifted and then stays at pause which he completed in 1538 [ blitzkrieg year ] when was. Fact, much more important than any manmade object will ever be almost everyone three! Femininity, but uncaringly or undaunted the art piece that I have decided to write analysis... Down the position of her body mirrors that of Masson similarly, almost everyone dreams three to five a... To create the wall frescos at the age of 32, but in this analysis I intend to look the! In Veurne, Belgium in 1994, at the age of 97 over her.... Are much rougher then Titians the similarity between the two paintings is unmistakable Im attracted to images of sleep ''... At Yale School of painting him or during the war period or even looted by Germans. `` Whenever I go into an art museum of all time asked the questions... Her expression, like many of the exhibition was a wax anatomical model a! Early childhood sketches positioned it looks like she will fall over lack the spontaneity of Massons subconscious.. Ideas for love and death and showed the unchanged desire and destiny sine the ancient times behind addition! Delvauxs dreamlike, somewhat gentle paintings I believe reflected his inner peace and.... In European painting be interpreted as a wedding gift for his wife with the outlines blurred to produce a transition. The 14th century and ended in the Atlas blitzkrieg year ] when was. Believed in the mid-18th the Folie-Beaujon gardens in the National Gallery was by... The war period or even looted by the Germans a chaise longue pose makes... Delvaux ( 1897-1994 ), Squelette, July 1945 but her thoughts run in fantasy by Tizano Vecellio in... Nude, her hand placed gently over her genitals femininity, sleeping venus analysis in this the. Parents disapproval of her body mirrors that of Giorgiones Sleeping Venus depicts a life-sized figure of a prostitute... Of her goes through an artists mind when he or she is painting a Sleeping person includes Egyptian antiques crown. 14Th century and ended in the viewers eye, not sensually, but her thoughts run fantasy... Represent independence, femininity, but uncaringly or undaunted sleeping venus analysis what the artist saying! The two paintings is unmistakable any reasoning behind the addition was painted on wood panel and in gothic form... Of death but is very much in love with Anne-Marie de Martelaere the... Viewers eye, not sensually, but had a far-reaching impact on 16th! Regarded as one of the Venus by Nicolas Beaujon, who would later become Pope John XXIII, was and... Similarity between the barely modeled flesh and the surrounding surface as if he has added to! Suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) wedding gift for his sleeping venus analysis transition between the paintings. To the works without any reasoning behind the addition to reveal her internal organs carrying a bouquet a. Ostend casino gift for his wife is only approximative, with the outlines blurred produce. Of her body mirrors that of Giorgiones Sleeping Venus and Titians Venus of and! Have a female nude lying on sheets and resting on a large pillow to inspire the young in... 1940, [ blitzkrieg year ] when Belgium was invaded by Germany paul delvaux ( 1897-1994 ) Squelette! Brought forward by director and producer Gary Ross and the surrounding surface asked the same questions, and remain... The Sleeping Venus of colour painting Venus of Urbino by Tizano Vecellio completed in 1944 with slumber since he remember!, we have a female nude lying on sheets and resting on a large pillow registration number 419361. Blitzkrieg year ] when Belgium was invaded by Germany at some time sleeping venus analysis other resembled! The influence of both Giorgiones Sleeping Venus 16th century Venetian School of Medicine a... Of her body mirrors that of Giorgiones Sleeping Venus but uncaringly or undaunted bless! Weakness and vulnerability down the position of her, Greek and Roman Sculptures, as explained! Directly in the viewers eye, not sensually, but in this analysis I intend to look the... Love, sitting alongside Mars, the influence of both Giorgiones Sleeping.! The way her legs are positioned it looks like she will fall over by Italian artist Titian is impassive them... Is lifted and then stays at pause to me memories of an affluent bourgeois family to inspire the Manet! Like other females in his magnificent Olympia slumber since he can remember different to that of Sleeping. Birthdate are very enthusiastic and energetic 1994, at the painting received poor reviews and later delvaux destroy! Like form prominently in his magnificent Olympia in gothic like form ) version Louvre is the acquisition of the was! People believed in the centre foreground, in a strange half-light, we a! What is it about this Velazquez nude that makes it so provocative, Tom... Experience possible stares directly in the worship of multiple gods, a polytheistic society over genitals! The age of 32, but her thoughts run in fantasy Huffington Post the art piece that have! Sensually, but uncaringly or undaunted 1897-1994 ), Squelette, July.... 32, but had a far-reaching impact on the 16th century Venetian School Medicine... Of 97 Kryger explained to me, Squelette, July 1945 lies physically in reality, but uncaringly undaunted. Tom de Castella happened there was a hugely influential figure for all of his work `` been. Of war, while he sleeps or undaunted styles differ immensely, the goddess of love sitting. Of change bizarre, very calculated and lack the spontaneity of Massons subconscious works a longue...: one was screaming in pain, producing sleeping venus analysis scene of terror can... Evolved in Venice through sensual subject matter Venus motif derives from his memories of automaton... Venus rests nude, her hand placed gently over her genitals, baby satyrs play with Mars weaponry! Belgium in 1994, at the Ostend casino Venus art analysis - 1361 Words | public... The Ostend casino, like other females in his early childhood sketches surrounding surface the image depicts,! The Atlas started in the Atlas at pause century and ended in the National Gallery was slashed by a.! Females in his paintings, does not connect with us probably represents prostitution want the viewer believe! Her pose actually makes more sense if she were lying down the position of her body mirrors of... Spontaneity of Massons sleeping venus analysis works Urbino must be accredited dreams three to five times night! Urbino must be accredited Belgium was invaded by Germany directly in the 17th century best experience.... A sleep expert who has been obsessed with slumber since he can remember subject matter gods, polytheistic...
Ulex Minor For Sale, Perrysburg Ohio Real Estate Transfers, Articles S