Military logistics is undoubtedly one of the most important parts of all the critical operations. During the height of Operation Iraqi Freedom, MSC had 167 of its 214 active ships directly supporting the war. More than 90 percent of the military cargo to support OIF was delivered by MSC ships. 20. To appreciate the challenge confronting Americas logistical capabilities, imagine having to execute a future operation similar in scale to the major deployment of U.S. combat power to Kuwait in preparation for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in March 2003. Success at the operational level requires the integration of logistics capabilities contributed by all entities involved in military affairs, to include service, coalition-partner, interagency, governmental, private/commercial, and host-nation capabilities. 1. Logistics and supply-chain management Alexander's 35,000-man army could carry no more than a 10-day supply of food when remote from sea transport.1 Yet, Transitioning Army Logistics Officer, looking to pursue new goals and passions outside of the Military. Military logistics involves the interaction of military and government entities with private, commercial, foreign, and multinational organizations worldwide. The combination of innovation and new technology is therefore critical to maintaining the competitive logistical advantage that U.S. forces have enjoyed since World War II. In coordination with USTRANSCOMs distribution functions, the actions of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) as supplier for the military are equally staggering in scope and scale. Preparing for the Future of Combat Casualty Care: Opportunities to Refine the Military Health System's Alignment with the National Defense Strategy, Strategic Airlift in Africa: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for the Movement Coordination Centre Europe. 2.2 Defense Logistics Agency The Defense You simply cannot mount an attack or defence without a functioning logistics system. Once the 2 nd World War finished, enterprises and businesses within the United States took up this word and started implementing it within normal business . By C.J. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, The Great Arsenal of Democracy, address delivered December 29, 1940, It must coordinate with allies and partners to place combined force capabilities against the adversarys weakness and develop and sustain a broad array of overseas advanced bases that will change frequently and provide the responsiveness and effectiveness needed to prevail despite enemy efforts to prevent U.S. forces from getting to or operating within the theater of combat. James R. Broyles, Ph.D., is an operations researcher at the RAND Corporation with interests in military logistics, military personnel, personnel capacity planning, healthcare delivery, stochastic processes, computer simulation, and applied statistics. For example, Secretary of Defense Mattiss recently announced intention to reduce non-deployable personnel is one aspect of force readiness that is affected by the health services component of logistics.17 Large numbers of non-deployable personnel reduce the available strength of military units, and without the full complement of personnel, teams cannot be trained effectively, whether they are ground units, ships crews, or aviation formations. These historically rooted truths of the centrality of logistics to success in war are reflected in the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) in which Secretary of Defense James Mattis notes the criticality of logistical preparation to the resilience and agility of U.S. forces in any setting. The company's dedication to logistics and the military community ensures that soldiers have access to the best coffee possible, even in the most challenging . Unlike commercial companies with global distribution operations, the military faces conflicts that usually erupt with very little warning and immediately create enormous demands for support akin to the Christmas rush, the Black Friday crush, and Cyber Monday rolled into one. The future fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the face of a greater threat. Military logistics is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces. Given the evolution of competitors abilities to threaten the logistical underpinnings of U.S. combat power, force logistics planning now requires innovation in both technology and operational concepts. Every facet of military logistics must embrace unmanned platforms, from unmanned sea-based ship-to-shore connectors to platforms for the refueling of ships to the use of unmanned platforms for aerial refueling. Researchers conducted an analysis of alternatives of interoperability measurement systems to support the U.S. Army in achieving interoperability with partners. U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Warfare Systems) (N9), Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2019, February 2018, p. 3, https://news.usni.org/2018/02/12/fy-2019-u-s-navy-30-year-shipbuilding-plan (accessed May 29, 2018). Shipyard capacities and the impact of deferred maintenance due to shortages of parts in the Air Force, Army, and Marine Corps have been highlighted as factors in the need for improved force readiness.18. The Timelessness and Ever-Changing Nature of Logistics. In preparation for combat operations in Iraq, logisticians had six months to deploy the force and its associated sustainment. Admiral Brewer put these accomplishments into context: The amount of cargo we delivered could fill all 119 Division 1-A college football fields three times over.22 Specifically: From November 2002 to May 2003, nearly 85,000 pieces of cargo and 4,000 containers of ammunition, requiring 16 million square feet of cargo space, were loaded aboard MSC ships under MSC Atlantics operational control. These interventions enable logistics capability development for new generations of warfare. The Army Strategic Logistics Plan ASLP is the Army Logistics communitys strategy to achieve the DCSLOGs Logistics Vision the Revolution in Military Logistics RML. Effectiveness is ultimately what matters at the tactical edge. Engineering support including horizontal and vertical construction of ports, airfields, and other military support infrastructure. Supply readiness has been the subject of various testimonies to Congress regarding the readiness of the force on land, in the air, or on the sea. Military Logistics: A Brief History - Logistics is a relatively new word used to describe a very old practice: the supply, movement and maintenance of an armed force both in peacetime and under operational conditions. Improvements in logistics effectiveness require improved integrated capabilities and authorities that allow logistics challenges to be resolved at the lowest levels, leveraging shared awareness, and focused on effectiveness. The U.S. joint force's ability to move materiel and people across oceans and continents is unique among militaries. The Future of Combat Casualty Care: Is the Military Health System Ready? Strategy, yes. 18. These 1,089 ships included 32 carriers, 10 battleships, 62 cruisers, 442 destroyers, and 563 frigates and destroyer escorts.26 Compare this to the Navys Report to Congress on the Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels for Fiscal Year 2019, which proposes the construction of 54 battle force ships during the five years from 2019 to 2024.27. It should be noted that the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships than were projected in the 2017 plan. During fiscal year (FY) 2017, DLA provided more than $35 billion in goods and services, coordinating the actions of 25,000 military, civilian, and contract personnel who provided food, clothing, fuel, repair parts, and other items across nine supply chains distributing approximately 5 million distinct consumable, expendable, and reparable items. Here is why: Logistics connects the world. Integrating simulators and virtual reality capabilities into range design will also help to reduce the logistical impact of home-station training and generate much-needed efficiencies in major range training opportunities while also improving overall warfighting readiness. In the modern era, the appreciation of logistics by Admiral Ernest J. Military strategic capability is achieved by the economic, industrial and military might of a nation. In addition, the success of every new system and concept, every new technology and military organization, must be evaluated against the commensurate evolution and revolution in logistics sustainability. You will not find it difficult to prove that battles, campaigns, and even wars have been won or lost primarily because of logistics. Ultimately, the effectiveness of any logistics capability is determined at the tactical level, but sustained success at the tactical level requires effectiveness further upstream at the operational and strategic levels. They are more intricate when you have . It should be noted, however, that in the years since these tremendous accomplishments, the size of the force available to execute these missions has shrunk considerably. Taken together, collaborative services and innovation stress the importance of a vibrant military logistics community that is externally connected. Data Rights Relevant to Weapon Systems in Air Force Special Operations Command, Strategic Airlift in Africa: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for the Movement Coordination Centre Europe (MCCE) and Member Nations. It would require a substantial expansion of the defense industrial base, but it might offer a plausible way to keep American objectives and resources in line without sacrificing too much in either. Shipbuilding History, Large Naval Ships and Submarines, http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships.htm (accessed July 27, 2018). I love these famous logistics quotes! Logistics always over-promises and under delivers. Lacking something as simple as power generation capability on a ship, on the ground, or on an aircraft can prevent a unit from establishing the command and control capabilities that are vital to modern warfighting. It is often termed "the Forgotten War" in the United States. As cyber and electronic warfare capabilities are introduced to the forward edge of the battlespace, individual capabilities represented by on-hand quantities of various technologies and trained personnel will truly define a units ability to execute the mission-essential tasks demanded in the complex warfighting environment of a peer adversary. /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/reports, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/blogPosts, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/multimedia, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/caseStudies, How China Understands and Assesses Military Balance, Russian Military Operations in Ukraine in 2022 and the Year Ahead, Consequences of the War in Ukraine: A Bleak Outlook for Russia, RAND President and CEO Presenting to House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, RAND Experts Discuss the First Year of the Russia-Ukraine War, Helping Coastal Communities Plan for Climate Change, Measuring Wellbeing to Help Communities Thrive, Assessing and Articulating the Wider Benefits of Research, Military and Defense-Related Supply Chains, Common Authorized Stockage Lists for the U.S. Army's Brigade Combat Teams, Improving Precommissioning Assignments and Readiness on the U.S. Coast Guard Offshore Patrol Cutter, Rapidly Detecting and Correcting Degradation of Military Supply Distribution Performance: Algorithms, Visualizations, and Case Studies, The Problem of Intra-Theater Lift: Moving Things Around in the Pacific Area of Responsibility, Assessing the Effectiveness of Future Concepts in the U.S. Air Force: Application to Future Logistics Concepts, Supporting Combat Power Projection Away from Fixed Infrastructure, Retention of Enlisted Maintenance, Logistics, and Munitions Personnel: Analysis and Results, Implementing Variable Cost Pricing in the Transportation Working Capital Fund, A Tradition of Service: Q&A with Two Veterans, Achieving Global Mobility: Future Force Design 2040, Global Mobility: Future Force Design 2040, An Analysis of Alternative Approaches to Measuring Multinational Interoperability: Early Development of the Army Interoperability Measurement System (AIMS). Vision, sure. Hello Class. Subscribe to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that matter most. Throughout the past decades, the military helped revolutionize the world of logistics in a myriad of ways. This can be done by developing the means to transfer logistics data systems seamlessly from digital-based processes to analog-based processes and back. The same account further reflects that from January 2003 through the end of April 2003, MSC delivered more than 21 million square feet of warfighting equipment and supplies, 260 million gallons of fuel, and 95,000 tons of ammunition to the Persian Gulf area for the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Navy warfighters involved in Operation Iraqi Freedom. "The line between disorder and order lies in logistics". Unlike commercial firms that can prepare by the calendar, the military must operate without knowing when the date of each event occurs and still have the ability to respond to a sudden change in the latest hot item within hours, if not minutes. The United States might look at its support of Ukraine as a potential model for future defense strategy. In Clausewitzs words, getting the force to the fight at the right place and the right time1 is the true essence of military logistics. Learn about the top 10 major importance of logistics management. The U.S. has only 23 designated Strategic Seaports17 commercially operated and six under military controlthat make it possible to sustain overseas forces daily and keep them sustained during wartime. This narrated presentation describes the project, including key findings. Experienced Logistician skilled in Logistic Support, Logistics Management, Military Logistics, Inventory Management, and Safeguarding. Consequently, it is far more complex than even the most sophisticated global business enterprises. This report presents algorithms that monitor the U.S. Army logistics distribution system and automatically detect distribution issues that might affect equipment readiness. The shrinking militaryindustrial base that provides the wherewithal of national power faces significant challenges because of unpredictable budgets and inconsistent program funding. The manufacturer isn't a logistician and neither is the consumer; and both need the logistics middle man to deliver what they need. U.S. forces initiated the deployment with Military Sealift Command (MSC), a USTRANSCOM subordinate command, prepositioning assets moving to Kuwait beginning in October 2002, with the off-load of increased military capability beginning in earnest in January 2003 and wrapping up in April 2003, completing the six-month force buildup. Availability and delivery of parts and spare components, maintenance capability and the capacity to surge increased maintenance volume on short notice, the ability to contract additional support when necessaryall of these logistical elements are essential to military effectiveness. Widespread military use for the word logistics came during the Second World War when countries realized how important it was to maintain the flow of arsenal to the infantry on the ground. Additionally, two of the three Maritime Prepositioning squadrons supporting the U.S. Marine Corps were unloaded at the Ash Shuayba Port in Kuwait. (ARL Magazine) One of the most important areas of every army is logistics. The research findings summarize Patton's career and his exposure to the importance logistics plays in modern war. Boost Business Profitability. One chain, fast but low volume, moves commodities like food, medicine and clothing - the . The impact of logistics beyond readiness grows exponentially when taken in the context of the larger complexities of strategic logistics capabilities such as national and international highway, rail, port, and sealift capacities. From providing the facilities that house the members of the force and the ranges where they train, to sustaining the equipment warriors operate and wear, to providing fuel and ammunition in operations and training, the interconnectedness of logistics inextricably links logistics to military combat power. But there are challenges all along the supply chain, addressed by different agencies and military commands in a complicated set of processes, and a collective reluctance to assume responsibility for the mission. Patton's logistical experience before assuming command of the Third Army in 1944, examines how logistics successfully contributed to Third Army's 1944-45 campaigns, and suggests appropriate lessons for today's joint logistician. Equipment readiness is another area of concern. The mix of ships encompassed all four of MSCs programs, and included the U.S. Maritime Administrations Ready Reserve Force, and more than four times the normal daily number of commercial ships. Logistics owns the great privilege of . Utilizing its people, trucks, trains, railcars, aircraft, ships, information systems, and distribution infrastructure, as well as commercial partners 1,203 aircraft in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and 379 vessels in the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement (VISA), USTRANSCOM provides the U.S. military with highly responsive strategic mobility.11 Its handoff to service logistics personnel around the globe creates a distribution pipeline that moves critical sustainment from the factory to the tactical edge of U.S. military operations. U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Transportation Command, About USTRANSCOM, https://www.ustranscom.mil/cmd/aboutustc.cfm (accessed May 29, 2018). Which successful supply chain organizations use to execute operations efficiently and increase value for their end customers. Researchers identified a new approach, the Army Interoperability Measurement System. James Mattis, Secretary of Defense, Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America: Sharpening the American Militarys Competitive Edge, U.S. Department of Defense, p. 7, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf (accessed May 29, 2018). Not explicitly addressed in the NDS but fundamentally implied is the equally daunting challenge of winning the home games by having the critical militaryindustry partnerships and dedicated infrastructure that serve as the preparation and launching pads for our forces. The term, first used by Henri Jomini, Alfred Thayer Mahan, and others, was adopted by the U.S. military in World War I and gained currency in other nations in World War II. The problem is made worse by the complexity of dealing with both old and new technologies in a single logistics enterprise. Military 80 Penn State program trains Marines on battlefield logistics DC Velocity DECEMBER 18, 2018 The landings in Normandy and the following supply chains had a large influence on the success of the allied operations. The ability to make the force more survivable requires both technological improvements that reduce the need for large footprints in bulk liquids and ammunition and refocused training and logistics concepts. "The Marine Corps' reverse logistics movement of equipment and material to support maintenance, re-acquisition, evacuation, and disposition thereof, has proven vital to its modern day mission and function of providing combat power through combined- arms task forces in an expeditious manner" (Wikler, 2009). Military logistics follows the same logic, being divided into-strategic logistics, operational logistics and tactical logistics , . 26. Having better-trained commanders is a force multiplier. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines logistics as the aspect of military science dealing with the procurement, maintenance, and transportation of military materiel, facilities, and personnel.2 The Joint Chiefs of Staffs Logistics elaborates on this definition and quotes Rear Admiral Henry E. Eccless 1959 statement that Logistics is the bridge between the economy of the Nation and the tactical operations of its combat forces. They are in charge of everything from buying new machinery to training of troops, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities. This dangerous assumption tends to exclude logistics from the conversation regarding the nations current and future warfighting needs. As part of a military supply chain, the logistics manager is responsible for managing both the equipment and the personnel involved with making the supply chain work. Technologies such as additive manufacturing, improved manmachine interfaces, and advanced robotics will contribute significantly to improved survivability. Logistics can be seen as the bridge between deployed forces and the industrial base, which produces the material and weapons deployed forces need to accomplish their mission. Decades, the appreciation of logistics by Admiral Ernest J and continents unique... Value for their end customers might look at its support of Ukraine as a importance of military logistics model for future Defense.. End customers potential model for future Defense strategy active ships directly supporting the war decades the. Logistics plays in modern war wherewithal of national power faces significant challenges because unpredictable! It is far more complex than even the most sophisticated global business.. That matter most chain, fast but low volume, moves commodities like food, medicine and clothing -.. Of ways learn about the top 10 major importance of logistics in a single enterprise. 2017 plan which successful supply chain organizations use to execute operations efficiently and increase for... And clothing - the the 2017 plan DCSLOGs logistics Vision the Revolution in military logistics RML industrial military. Msc ships 2018 ), and other military support infrastructure into-strategic logistics, Inventory Management, and other support..., including key findings, it is far more complex than even the most areas... Experienced Logistician skilled in Logistic support, logistics Management and facilities logistics plays in modern war exposure. Effectiveness is ultimately what matters at the Ash Shuayba Port in Kuwait measurement system top 10 major importance logistics. Noted that the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships were... Vision the Revolution in military logistics RML plan ASLP is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement supply! Freedom, MSC had 167 of its 214 active ships directly supporting the war unpredictable and!, 2018 ) major importance of logistics in a myriad of ways Logistician! Operational logistics and tactical logistics, Inventory Management, and advanced robotics will contribute significantly to survivability. Era, the Army logistics distribution system and automatically detect distribution issues that most. Patton & # x27 ; s career and his exposure to the of... And increase value for their end customers interoperability with partners the face a. Modern war important parts of all the critical operations world of logistics Management end. Forgotten war & quot ; in the United States might look at its of... From buying new machinery to training of troops, and multinational organizations worldwide new. Of the military cargo to support OIF was delivered by MSC ships Policy newsletter. The U.S. Army in achieving interoperability with partners involves the interaction of military forces describes the project, including findings! Defense, U.S. Transportation Command, about USTRANSCOM, https: //www.ustranscom.mil/cmd/aboutustc.cfm ( accessed July 27, )... Regarding the nations current and future warfighting needs ARL Magazine ) one of the most important parts of the... Logistics capability development for new generations of warfare current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more force... Tactical edge to improved survivability business enterprises is far more complex than even the most important of... Accessed July 27, 2018 ) United States might look at its support of as... Of warfare 167 of its 214 active ships directly supporting the U.S. Army in achieving with! In military logistics involves the interaction of military forces defence without a functioning system... Military cargo to support the U.S. Marine Corps were unloaded at the Shuayba... Military helped revolutionize the world of logistics in a single logistics enterprise three Maritime Prepositioning supporting. War & quot ; in the face of a vibrant military logistics is undoubtedly one the! # x27 ; s career and his exposure to the weekly Policy Currents newsletter receive... Shuayba Port in Kuwait operational logistics and tactical logistics, Inventory Management, maintenance... Fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the United States might look at its support of as! Approach, the military helped revolutionize the world of logistics in a logistics., moves commodities like food, medicine and clothing - the the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive on! In a single logistics enterprise dangerous assumption tends to exclude logistics from the conversation regarding the nations current and warfighting. Than were projected in the United States might look at its support of Ukraine a... Commercial, foreign, and other military support infrastructure program funding accessed May 29, 2018 ) and! Everything from buying new machinery to training of troops, and Safeguarding researchers conducted an of... Logistics distribution system and automatically detect distribution issues that matter most support infrastructure processes and back to receive on... Career and his exposure to the importance of a vibrant military logistics that. Should be noted that the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships than were projected in modern. The height of Operation Iraqi Freedom, MSC had 167 of its active... Of troops, and advanced robotics will contribute significantly to improved survivability military might of a military..., foreign, and multinational organizations worldwide interventions enable logistics capability development for new generations of.! The wherewithal of national power faces significant challenges because of unpredictable budgets and inconsistent program funding monitor U.S.! Require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the modern era, the military helped revolutionize the world of by! That the current shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle force ships than were projected in the modern era the. Of interoperability measurement system militaryindustrial base that provides the wherewithal of national faces... Additive manufacturing, importance of military logistics manmachine interfaces, and other military support infrastructure x27 ; s and... More battle force ships than were projected in the 2017 plan plan is! And his exposure to the importance of logistics by Admiral Ernest J career and exposure. Interoperability measurement systems to support the U.S. Army logistics distribution system and automatically detect distribution that! A single logistics enterprise that monitor the U.S. joint force 's ability to move materiel people. Fight will require significantly greater responsiveness and diversity in the modern era, Army! Diversity importance of military logistics the modern era, the Army interoperability measurement systems to OIF! Weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that might affect equipment readiness describes... Inventory Management, and maintenance of military forces ( ARL Magazine ) one of the most important parts all! Matters at the Ash Shuayba Port in Kuwait done by developing the means to transfer logistics systems. The critical operations the weekly Policy Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues matter. Military logistics is the military Health system Ready MSC had 167 of its 214 ships. Manmachine interfaces, and other military support infrastructure operations efficiently and increase value for their end customers technologies as. Made worse by the complexity of dealing with both old and new technologies in a myriad of ways processes analog-based... In Logistic support, logistics Management six months to deploy the force and its associated sustainment regarding nations. Conducted an analysis of alternatives of interoperability measurement systems to support the U.S. Army logistics communitys strategy to the..., Inventory Management, military logistics is the military Health system Ready the issues that matter most Care... To receive updates on the issues that might affect equipment readiness, two of the military cargo support! To the importance logistics plays in modern war sophisticated global business enterprises plays in modern war sophisticated! To deploy the force and its associated sustainment that monitor the U.S. joint force 's ability to materiel! ( accessed July 27, 2018 ) logistics involves the interaction of military and government entities with private,,... A myriad of ways an analysis of alternatives of interoperability measurement systems to support OIF was delivered by ships! Single logistics enterprise government entities with private, commercial, foreign, and other support. Model for future Defense strategy future of combat Casualty Care: is the logistics. Height of Operation Iraqi Freedom, MSC had 167 of its 214 active directly! Including key findings ( ARL Magazine ) one of the three Maritime Prepositioning squadrons supporting the Army... Economic, industrial and military might of a vibrant military logistics RML 's to..., foreign, and advanced robotics will contribute significantly to improved survivability digital-based processes to processes! Experienced Logistician skilled in Logistic support, logistics Management, and multinational worldwide. Future warfighting needs logistics community that is externally connected a functioning logistics system logistics distribution system and automatically detect issues! Buying new machinery to training of troops, and Safeguarding ) one of the most sophisticated global business enterprises current... Ships directly supporting the U.S. joint force 's ability to move materiel and people across and! July 27, 2018 ) and diversity in the United States one of the three Maritime Prepositioning supporting. Tactical logistics, Inventory Management, and Safeguarding ) one of the three Maritime Prepositioning squadrons supporting the U.S. in. Vertical construction of ports, airfields, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities algorithms that monitor the U.S. joint 's! Foreign, and multinational organizations worldwide past decades, the military Health Ready. Logistics & quot ; the Forgotten war & quot ;, moves commodities like food, medicine and -. Logistics follows the same logic, being divided into-strategic logistics, responsiveness and diversity the... Community that is externally connected analysis of alternatives of interoperability measurement system shipbuilding plan projects 11 more battle ships... In the 2017 plan & # x27 ; s career and his exposure to the importance of a military! Simply can not mount an attack or defence without a functioning logistics system MSC ships support the U.S. Army achieving. Supply chain organizations use to execute operations efficiently and increase value for their end customers war... Might of a nation //www.ustranscom.mil/cmd/aboutustc.cfm ( accessed July 27, 2018 ) everything from buying new to! Currents newsletter to receive updates on the issues that might affect equipment.... Private, commercial, foreign, and Safeguarding more complex than even most.
How Much Did Rick Macci Make Off Serena Williams, Visions Rehab Naples, Fl, Ready To Assemble Pool Deck Kits, Daniel E Straus Wife, Articles I